撰文:新領域潛能發展中心 註冊教育心理學家 彭智華
香港是一個物質豐盛的社會,但由於資源過於豐富,當子女在生活上有所需求時,父母就會火速地給予他們充足的供應,讓他們有著持續的滿足。但是,家長太快滿足子女的需要,會對他們有產生不良的影響,未能鍛鍊他們的忍耐的能力,久而久之耐性也會變得有限。
活用生活情緒 培育子女耐性
把享樂或生活上的需要推遲,是培養情緒智商(EQ)的重要環節。假如父母習慣很快就滿足子女的需要,但卻埋怨子女的耐性差,其實這種評論對於子女並不公平,因為他們的耐性只是未經培育而已。
究竟怎樣才能把子女的需要推遲呢?要訓練子女的情緒智能,秘訣就是「不用反籐條,也不用蝦條」,即既不需要使用體罰,也不常使用獎品,而是透過日常生活中的經歷和體驗去磨練出來,培養出孩子的耐性、等候的能力等等。家長可嘗試參考以下的例子:
例一:當父母與子女上茶樓的時候,不需要讓子女喜歡吃甚麼,便立即吃甚麼。父母可要求子女吃完一籠點心時,再等 5 分鐘後才吃第二種點心;又或者是每次當子女想吃一籠點心前,要先等父母吃了一部分才可以吃。如是者,父母與子女輪流吃點心。
例二:當子女要求父母買玩具時,父母不必即時買給子女,可向他解釋留待幾小時、幾天或一星期後才購買,要求子女耐心等待。
Written by: Pang Chi Wah, Registered Educational Psychologist, New Horizons Development Centre
Hong Kong is a society abundant in material wealth, but due to the overabundance of resources, when children have needs in life, parents quickly provide them with ample supply, allowing them continuous satisfaction. However, parents satisfying their children’s needs too quickly can have a negative impact on them, failing to cultivate their ability to endure, and over time, their patience may become limited.
Utilizing Emotional Intelligence to Cultivate Children’s Patience
Delaying gratification or the fulfillment of life’s needs is an important part of developing emotional intelligence (EQ). If parents are accustomed to quickly satisfying their children’s needs but then complain about their lack of patience, such criticism is unfair to the children, as their patience has simply not been nurtured.
How can one delay the fulfillment of children’s needs? To train children’s emotional intelligence, the secret is “neither using the cane nor the carrot,” meaning that neither corporal punishment nor frequent rewards are necessary. Instead, patience and the ability to wait are cultivated through daily life experiences. Parents can try the following examples:
Example 1: When parents and children go to a dim sum restaurant, there is no need to let the children eat whatever they like immediately. Parents can ask the children to wait for 5 minutes after finishing one basket of dim sum before eating a second type; or they can require the children to wait until the parents have eaten a portion before they can eat. In this way, parents and children take turns eating the dim sum.
Example 2: When children ask their parents to buy toys, parents do not need to purchase them immediately. They can explain to the child to wait a few hours, days, or a week before buying, asking the children to wait patiently.
例三:當子女從街上回到家中時,不要讓他們隨心所欲地立即開電視,必須要求他先把鞋襪放好,喝一杯清水,坐在沙發上等 3 分鐘後,才可以開電視。
例四:當子女與父母出門時,不要讓他們立即衝去按升降機的按鈕,父母可要求他等待父母一同出門,一同步行到升降機前,才可按掣。
父母要堅持和有信用 鍛鍊子女智能
以上只是一些例子,父母必須好好利用生活細節上的「拖字訣」,使用拖字訣並不代表否定或拒絕子女的需要,而是不即時給予滿足而已。父母要注意的是,當使用這些拖字訣時,必須言出必行,無論子女撒嬌也好、發脾氣也好、哭也好、大叫也好,都要堅持著「拖」的原則;另外,父母也要注意要「有口齒」,答應了子女的事就必須要做。
另外,當子女提出要求時,父母可要求子女解釋理由,不但可以訓練子女的情緒智商(EQ),更可訓練他們的智能(IQ)。只要在子女的生活細節上多下一點功夫,就能夠有效地幫助子女鍛鍊情緒智能,各位父母不妨一試吧!
Example 3: When children return home from the street, do not let them turn on the TV immediately as they please. They must be asked to put away their shoes and socks, drink a glass of water, and sit on the sofa for 3 minutes before they can turn on the TV.
Example 4: When children go out with their parents, do not let them rush to press the elevator button immediately. Parents can ask them to wait for the parents to go out together, walk to the elevator together, and then press the button.
Parents Must Be Consistent and Credible to Train Children’s Intelligence
These are just a few examples. Parents must make good use of the “dragging tactic” in life’s details. Using the dragging tactic does not mean denying or refusing the children’s needs, but rather not satisfying them immediately. What parents need to pay attention to is that when using these tactics, they must follow through with what they say. No matter if the children act spoiled, throw a tantrum, cry, or scream, parents must stick to the principle of “dragging”; additionally, parents must also be credible and do what they have promised the children.
Furthermore, when children make requests, parents can ask the children to explain their reasons, which not only trains their emotional intelligence (EQ) but also their intelligence (IQ). By putting a little more effort into the details of children’s lives, parents can effectively help train their children’s emotional intelligence. Parents might as well give it a try!