撰文：教育專家羅煦鈞校長
我們都明白每一個學生都是獨立的個體，所以學習的速度都會不同。但如果有方法可以令孩子學得更快、更好，一定是家長以至老師都樂於見到的。如何讓小朋友學得更快更好，亦正是不少學者研究的課題。
其中一個影響孩子學習速度的關鍵，是他有多少的已有知識。已有知識即是孩子曾經學過，並且已經掌握了的知識，除了是他從前在學校學到的知識之外，在日常生活中學習得到的知識亦是其中的一部分。
學習如搭棚 逐步打好基礎
近代被受重視的心理學家維果茨基（Lev Vygotsky）認為，學習的過程就像建構「鷹架」一樣，都是由低至高、由小至大，用一根一根的金屬棒逐步搭建而成的。所謂「鷹架」，相當於中國人所建搭的棚架。當然，搭棚用的卻是竹枝。
用搭棚來形容學習，可以為我們帶來好幾個啓示。首先，打好基礎是重要的；其次，學習要一步一步來，假如一味求快而忽視了某些環節，知識亦不會牢固。再者，只要按步就班地努力學習，一定會累積得愈來愈多的知識。還有，不同人可以搭出不同形狀的竹棚，而知識亦不是一成不變的，會隨著時代發展而不斷演變。
Written by: Education Expert, Principal Kenneth Law
We all understand that each student is an independent individual, so the speed of learning varies. However, if there are methods that can make children learn faster and better, it is undoubtedly something both parents and teachers would be pleased to see. How to help children learn faster and better is also a topic of research for many scholars.
One key factor affecting the speed of a child’s learning is the amount of existing knowledge they possess. Existing knowledge refers to what the child has learned and mastered, not only the knowledge acquired in school but also part of the knowledge gained in daily life.
Learning is like building a scaffold, gradually laying a solid foundation
Lev Vygotsky, a modern psychologist highly regarded, believes that the learning process is like constructing a “scaffold,” progressing from low to high, from small to large, using one metal rod at a time. The term “scaffold” is equivalent to the bamboo scaffolding commonly used by the Chinese. Of course, in the context of learning, it’s metaphorical.
Describing learning as constructing a scaffold brings several insights. Firstly, laying a solid foundation is crucial. Secondly, learning must proceed step by step; if one rushes and neglects certain aspects, the knowledge won’t be firmly established. Furthermore, as long as one diligently learns step by step, they will surely accumulate more and more knowledge. Additionally, different individuals can construct different shapes of bamboo scaffolding, and knowledge is not static; it evolves continuously with the development of the times.
只要明白了維果茨基的學習理論，已有知識的重要性就不言而喻了。已有知識就像已經搭起來的竹棚，而新的知識就是在已經存在的竹棚上再加高和加大。已有知識愈多愈可靠，學習新事物就愈容易，不需要再顧東顧西，學習速度也就更快。
善用空餘時間 擴闊知識範圍
學生在學校學習的內容和所用時間分別不會很大，所以善用空餘時間，對提升孩子的學習表現便變得相對重要了。善用空餘時間並不等於多參加幾個訓練班或多做幾本補充，反而由於學校已經提供的全面而有系統的課程，空餘時間就更應該著重開拓更闊的知識範圍，讓「竹棚」的基礎變得更寬闊。
Once the learning theory of Vygotsky is understood, the importance of existing knowledge becomes self-evident. Existing knowledge is like a bamboo scaffold already constructed, and new knowledge is added on top of the existing scaffold, making it higher and larger. The more existing knowledge one has, the more reliable it becomes, and learning new things becomes easier. There’s no need to look around distractedly, and the learning speed becomes faster.
Make good use of spare time to broaden the scope of knowledge
The content learned and the time spent in school by students may not be extensive. Therefore, making good use of spare time becomes relatively important in enhancing a child’s academic performance. Making good use of spare time does not mean participating in more training classes or doing additional supplements. On the contrary, because schools already provide comprehensive and systematic courses, it is even more crucial to focus on expanding a broader range of knowledge during spare time, making the foundation of the “bamboo scaffold” broader.
看圖書、參觀博物館和展覽會、到自然教育徑旅行等，都能讓孩子增廣見聞，擴闊知識範圍。家長可以放手讓孩子擁有多一點主導權，選擇做他喜歡做的事。讓小朋友有選擇的空間，亦可以培養他自主學習的能力、自律和責任感，這對他的未來也是重要的。
Reading books, visiting museums and exhibitions,
and traveling along nature trails can all broaden a child’s horizons and expand
their range of knowledge. Parents can allow children to have more autonomy,
letting them choose activities they enjoy. Providing children with the space to
make choices can also cultivate their ability for self-directed learning,
self-discipline, and a sense of responsibility, which are essential for their
future.
