分類: 家長園地

親子創意藝術創作
Parent-child creative art creation

撰文：Pario Arts 李素貞主任

 

每個人均擁有創意和藝術潛能，假如得到適當培育的話，可提升個人的美善情操，讓生命更臻完美。在藝術氛圍的營造下，藉多樣化活動啟發個人的創造力、美感和多元能力，以促進全人發展。而「愛」是創造的原動力，在自由、民主、安全及和諧的環境和氣氛下，即「愛的表現」，亦是強調互相包容，悅納不同的意見，尊重別人和接納別人。那麼親子創意藝術創作如何可以表現「愛」呢？筆者在此和各位家長分享自己的看法。

 

親子創意藝術創作的意義 

l  藝術教育由個人做起，家長嘗試接觸藝術創作，從而培養孩子的藝術涵養

l  藝術教育的第一課從「聆聽」和「接納」開始，家長學習接納孩子多元創意的表現方式

l  透過親子共同參與和體驗藝術創作的過程，家長能更貼近和了解孩子的心

l  親子藝術創作有助孩子認識自己、釋放情緒與壓力

l  融入互相欣賞和互相尊重的氣氛，減輕親職壓力與焦慮，進而增進親子關係

l  讓親子愛上創作，把藝術融入生活中，提升生活的素質

Written by: Director of Pario Arts, Lee Sou Jing

 

Everyone has creativity and artistic potential. If properly nurtured, it can enhance one’s moral sentiments and make life more perfect. In the artistic atmosphere, diverse activities inspire individuals’ creativity, aesthetic sense, and diverse abilities, promoting holistic development. ‘Love’ is the driving force of creation. In a free, democratic, safe, and harmonious environment and atmosphere, it is the expression of ‘love,’ emphasizing mutual tolerance, acceptance of different opinions, and respect for and acceptance of others. So, how can parent-child creative art creation express ‘love’? Here, the author shares his views with all parents.

 

The significance of parent-child creative art creation: 

l  Art education starts with individuals. Parents try to engage in artistic creation to cultivate their children’s artistic accomplishments.

l  The first lesson of art education begins with ‘listening’ and ‘acceptance.’ Parents learn to accept the diverse ways in which children express their creativity.

l  Through the joint participation and experience of parent-child art creation, parents can get closer to and understand their children’s hearts.

l  Parent-child art creation helps children to understand themselves and release emotions and stress.

l  By integrating an atmosphere of mutual appreciation and respect, it reduces parental stress and anxiety, thereby enhancing parent-child relationships.

l  Making parent-child fall in love with creation, integrating art into life, and enhancing the quality of life.

藝術培育錦囊

l  培養一種做人的學問，提升一種分享的能力，即「同理心」。

l  根據心理學家赫夫曼 (Hoffman) 研究人類同理心 (empathy) 的發展指出，「同理心」就是體會他人的情意，設身處地為他人設想的能力。

l  「同理心」三步曲：(1) 站在對方的立場設想 (2) 辨識對方的真正感受 (3) 將了解和感受傳達給對方。

l  「同理心」是與人相處的一項重要能力，具有「同理心」的人，才能建立良好的人際關係、自律及責任感。

l  兒童在 2 至 3 歲的階段，已能了解別人的感受。為使孩子有愛心、具備「同理心」的人、懂得愛與關懷別人，父母以身作則是非常重要的。

Artistic Cultivation Tips

l  Cultivate a kind of knowledge in being human and enhance the ability to share, that is, ’empathy.’

l  According to the research of psychologist Hoffman on the development of human empathy, ’empathy’ is the ability to understand the feelings of others and to put oneself in their shoes.

l  The three steps of ’empathy’: (1) Imagine standing in the other person’s position (2) Identify the other person’s true feelings (3) Convey understanding and feelings to the other person.

l  Empathy’ is an important ability in interpersonal relationships. Only those with ’empathy’ can establish good interpersonal relationships, self-discipline, and a sense of responsibility.

l  Children at the age of 2 to 3 can already understand the feelings of others. In order for children to be compassionate, possess ’empathy,’ and understand love and care for others, it is very important for parents to lead by example.

孩子有吸吮手指的習慣該怎麼辦？
What should I do if my child has a habit of sucking their fingers?

撰文：幼兒教育專家陳陳淑安老師

 

根據李維大偉 (David Levy) 博士的研究，在 10 分鐘內就把一瓶牛奶吃完的孩子（可能因為瓶頭孔較大），比在 20 分鐘內吃完整瓶奶的孩子，容易有吸吮指頭的行為。李博士又曾試驗用滴筒餵小狗，使牠們在吃奶的時候沒有機會吸吮，結果牠們的反應，是彼此吸吮自己或別的小狗的皮，有些吸吮得十分厲害，連皮都脫掉。由此我們可以知道嬰兒最初數月吸吮指頭的行為，是因為得不到吸吮的滿足所致，是一種需要，並不是與生俱來，也不是壞行為。

 

餵哺母乳 增進親子感情

母親能親自哺乳，嬰兒是最幸福的，因為嬰兒不但得到適當的營養，與母親肌膚接觸得到溫暖安全感，而且由於吸吮著柔軟的乳頭，除了得到溫飽外，還享受著母子心靈上的溝通，這種深厚的愛，骨肉的親情與吃著冷冰冰的奶瓶，是不能相提並論的，何況嬰兒在吸吮得到無上的滿足感。

Written by: Early Childhood Education Specialist, Teacher Chan-Chen Shu-an

 

According to Dr. David Levy’s research, children who finish a bottle of milk within 10 minutes (possibly because the bottle’s nipple hole is larger) are more likely to exhibit finger-sucking behavior than those who finish the entire bottle in 20 minutes. Dr. Levy also conducted an experiment feeding puppies with a dropper, preventing them from sucking while feeding. The result was that they resorted to sucking their own or other puppies’ skin, some so vigorously that the skin peeled off. From this, we can understand that the behavior of infants sucking their fingers in the first few months is due to the lack of satisfaction from sucking, it is a need, not innate, and not a bad behavior.

 

Breastfeeding Fosters Parent-Child Bond

When a mother can breastfeed her baby, the baby is the happiest. This is because the baby not only receives proper nutrition and warmth and security from being in contact with the mother’s skin but also enjoys the soft nipple while sucking, which provides not only sustenance but also a profound love and emotional connection between mother and child. This deep love and family bond cannot be compared to feeding from a cold bottle, especially considering the supreme satisfaction the baby gets from sucking.

但是，母親大多外出工作，加上種種原因，不得不用奶瓶餵孩子時，應特別注意餵奶的次數和所費的時間。母親應平心靜氣地讓孩子慢慢吃，特別注意奶嘴洞眼的大小，孩子得到吸吮的滿足，才不致容易發生吸吮手指的習慣，嬰兒喜歡吮手指起自無意識的，他的小指在挪動著，無意地放進嘴裡，感到愉快滿足而吸吮起來。

 

發洩心理緊張

可是到了4、5 歲時仍不斷吸吮指頭，那意義就不同了，這可能是一種心理緊張的發洩。例如：因父母不和，使孩子感到焦慮；因為有了一個新的弟妹，怕失去了父母親的愛；因為父母太忙，無瑕照顧他們而感到孤寂，沒有家庭的溫暖；又或者因為孩子太早被送往幼稚園，得不到適當的照顧而缺乏安全感。這些導致孩子焦慮、不安、緊張、惶恐都是心理緊張的成因。

孩子與成人一樣，心理緊張時需要發洩，這本是很自然的現象，成人為減輕心理緊張，往往用抽煙來鬆弛自己。孩子會用吮手指，或搖晃來發洩情緒緊張。在這情況下，為人父母者，除了要注意改善對孩子的態度外，應額外有耐心，應保持平和、慈祥的心態，使孩子感到放鬆沒壓力，反之父母表現擔憂、緊張甚或急於糾正而責罵，綁手指、塗苦藥等，只會弄巧反拙，增加孩子的不安，自己想改掉又不能自制，變成惡性循環，延長了吸吮手指的習慣。

However, most mothers work outside the home due to various reasons, and sometimes have to feed their children with a bottle. In such cases, special attention should be paid to the frequency and duration of feeding. Mothers should calmly allow their children to eat slowly, paying particular attention to the size of the bottle nipple hole. Only when the child is satisfied with sucking will they be less likely to develop the habit of finger-sucking. When an infant starts to enjoy sucking their fingers, it is an unconscious behavior. Their little finger moves around and unintentionally goes into their mouth, bringing them pleasure and satisfaction, leading to sucking.

 

Releasing Psychological Tension

However, if a child continues to suck their fingers at the age of 4 or 5, it takes on a different meaning. This may be a way of releasing psychological tension. For example, due to parental conflict, the child feels anxious; or because of a new sibling, they fear losing their parents’ love; or because the parents are too busy to care for them, they feel lonely and lack the warmth of a family; or because the child is sent to kindergarten too early and lacks a sense of security due to inadequate care. These factors can lead to anxiety, unease, tension, and fear in children, all of which are causes of psychological tension.

Like adults, children need to release psychological tension when they are anxious. This is a natural phenomenon. Adults often smoke to relax and relieve psychological tension. Children may suck their fingers or rock back and forth to release emotional tension. In this situation, parents should not only improve their attitude towards their children but also be extra patient. They should maintain a calm and gentle attitude to help the child relax and feel no pressure. On the contrary, if parents show worry, and nervousness, or are eager to correct and blame, or if they tie the child’s fingers or apply bitter medicine, it will only backfire, increase the child’s unease, and create a vicious cycle. This will prolong the habit of finger-sucking, as the child wants to quit but cannot control themselves.

預防和糾正的方法

1. 盡量用母乳餵哺，這是最自然、最適合嬰兒的哺乳方法，養成吸吮手指習慣的機會亦較少。

2.   家長用奶樽餵奶時，應特別注意餵奶的時間，能保持 15 至 20 分鐘是比較理想的。

3.   用玩具和洋娃娃等，與孩子多做手指的活動，以便轉移孩子吸吮的習慣。

4.   多接近孩子，一起玩耍、說故事和唱兒歌等，使孩子不致感到寂寞和無聊而吸吮手指。

5.   孩子吸吮得厲害時，父母仍應有耐性，保持安祥和不緊張的態度，有時不理會和不提點孩子，吸吮手指的現象反而自然地消失。

6.   如果孩子在 6 歲前已有吸吮手指習慣多年，自然會逐漸消失，尤其是當孩子白天不再吮手指，只有睡覺時才吮，這就表示已是尾聲了。父母應耐心等待，急於糾正是不生效的。特別是當孩子上幼稚園後，往往因不願在其他朋輩面前吸吮手指，又或者在學校忙於其他活動，吸吮手指的習慣會無形消失。

7. 吸吮後的手指會有難聞的氣味，如果 5 至 6 歲的孩子仍有吸吮習慣，可試試讓他嗅嗅難聞的氣味，可能因而糾正不良習慣。

Preventive and Corrective Methods

1.      Whenever possible, breastfeed, as it is the most natural and suitable feeding method for infants, and it reduces the chance of developing a finger-sucking habit.

2.     When using a bottle, parents should pay special attention to the feeding time, aiming for 15 to 20 minutes, which is ideal.

3.     Engage the child in activities with toys and dolls to redirect the finger-sucking habit.

4.     Spend more time with the child, playing, telling stories, and singing songs together to prevent the child from feeling lonely or bored, which can lead to finger-sucking.

5.     When a child sucks their fingers vigorously, parents should remain patient and calm. Sometimes, ignoring the behavior can lead to its natural disappearance.

6.     If a child has had a finger-sucking habit for several years before the age of 6, it will naturally diminish over time, especially if the child only sucks their fingers when sleeping. Parents should patiently wait, as hasty correction is ineffective. Particularly after starting kindergarten, the habit may disappear naturally due to the child’s reluctance to suck their fingers in front of peers or being occupied with other activities at school.

7.     Fingers sucked on will have an unpleasant odor. If a 5 to 6-year-old child still has this habit, letting them smell the unpleasant odor may help correct the behavior.

自閉症不再是秘密
Autism is no longer a secret

撰文：協康會教育心理學家團隊

 

家長要向人解釋孩子有自閉症的情況，有如自挖瘡疤，恐怕未能得到親友的支持之餘，還會惹來誤解或歧視。究竟家長應如何面對親友呢？

 

必須清楚自閉症的成因

 

家長向親友解釋時，首先必須清楚自閉症的成因是與家長疏忽或溺愛無關。自閉症的成因與腦部異常發展有關，故此影響了孩子的溝通能力、思考和行為模式，以及理解別人思想行為的能力。家長可列出大部分自閉症兒童的共同特徵，包括社交困難、頑固、焦慮、溝通困難、專注能力、活躍程度高低、非典型情緒反應、身體協調問題及不同的感官反應等。

Written by: The Educational Psychologist Team of the Heep Hong Society

 

For parents, explaining their child’s autism to others can feel like reopening a wound. They fear not only the lack of support from friends and family, but also the potential for misunderstanding or discrimination. So, how should parents approach this with their relatives and friends?

 

Understanding the causes of autism is crucial.

When explaining to friends and family, parents must first clarify that the cause of autism is not related to parental neglect or overindulgence. Autism is associated with abnormal brain development, which affects the child’s communication skills, thinking and behavior patterns, as well as their ability to understand the thoughts and actions of others. Parents can list the common characteristics of most children with autism, including social difficulties, stubbornness, anxiety, communication difficulties, focus ability, varying levels of activity, atypical emotional responses, physical coordination problems, and different sensory responses.

留意最新資訊

此外，家長可盡量留意自閉症的最新資訊，例如「執行功能」、「中央統合」和「心智解讀能力」等概念，一來可以令自己更容易明白子女的成長需要，當遇到親友有興趣了解更多，便可向他們深入解釋。當家長愈清楚自閉症，便愈容易讓親友認識孩子，或許一貫歧視的眼光，會因了解得更多而逐漸消失。家長知識上的裝備，能讓親友感到家長的積極和能力。

 

用具體形容詞形容孩子表現

另外，當家長形容孩子時，應用具體和正面的形容詞，例如記憶力強（而非「好記唔記」）、專注力弱（而非「心散」）、未能明白別人的要求（而非「不聽話、曳」）、重複相同的動作（而非「佢一定要…….」）或跟著拍子點頭（而非「鍾意音樂」）等抽象的形容詞。讓親友們明白，孩子與其他兒童一樣，都是天真無邪的小朋友。

Stay Updated with the Latest Information

In addition, parents can try to stay updated with the latest information on autism, such as concepts like “executive function”, “central integration”, and “theory of mind”. This can help them better understand their child’s developmental needs. When relatives and friends show interest in learning more, parents can explain these concepts in depth. The more parents understand about autism, the easier it is for relatives and friends to get to know the child. Perhaps the usual discriminatory views will gradually disappear as they understand more. The knowledge parents equip themselves with can make relatives and friends feel the parents’ positivity and capability.

 

Describe the Child’s Performance with Specific Adjectives

Furthermore, when parents describe their child, they should use specific and positive adjectives. For example, describe the child as having strong memory (instead of “good at forgetting”), weak focus (instead of “distracted”), unable to understand others’ demands (instead of “disobedient, dragging”), repeating the same actions (instead of “he/she must…”), or nodding to the beat (instead of “likes music”) and other abstract adjectives. Let relatives and friends understand that, like other children, their child is an innocent little friend.

不過，解釋終歸解釋，家長面對孩子「天天新款」的行為時，或許寧願選擇把孩子（甚至自己）帶離敏感場合，減低對親友做成的干擾，但相對也減少了孩子對社會適應的機會。相反，家長可主動誘導親友以合適的方法與孩子相處。例如正面地說「你可以說慢一點」、「孩子對聲音非常敏感，不如我們說話輕聲一點吧」或是「對不起，我可否首先知道行程，給我的孩子有心理準備？」如果親友能做到，已經踏出了成功的一步。

 

親友的視野需要被拉闊，然而最重要的，是家長須持開放接受的態度，成為親友的榜樣。當家長自己也接受自閉症，還有誰可以說「不接受」呢？

However, explanations are just explanations. When parents face their child’s ever-changing behaviors, they may prefer to remove the child (or even themselves) from sensitive situations to reduce the disturbance to relatives and friends. But this also reduces the child’s opportunities to adapt to society. Instead, parents can actively guide relatives and friends to interact with the child in appropriate ways. For example, they can positively say, “You can speak a little slower”, “The child is very sensitive to sound, let’s speak a little quieter”, or “I’m sorry, can I know the schedule first to prepare my child?” If relatives and friends can do this, it’s already a step towards success.


The perspectives of relatives and friends need to be broadened. However, the most important thing is that parents need to maintain an open and accepting attitude, setting an example for relatives and friends. If the parents themselves accept autism, who else can say “I don’t accept it”?

區角
Corner

學校環境及設施
Campus Facilites

汀角路正校 Ting Kok Road – Main School

安富道分校 On Fu Road – Branch School

課室佈置

正校A室
正校B室
正校C室
正校D室
正校E室
正校F室
分校A室
分校C室
分校F室

音樂場地

正校音樂場地
分校音樂場地

體能場地

正校體能場地 (1)
正校體能場地 (2)
正校體能場地 (3)
正校體能場地 (4)
正校體能場地 (5)
正校體能場地 (6)
分校體能場地 (1)
分校體能場地 (2)
分校體能場地 (3)

第六屆「卓越教育行政人員獎勵計劃」得獎名單公佈

各位家長、教職員及學生：
我很高興告知大家，本校丘莜美校長榮獲由香港教育行政學會舉辦之第六屆「卓越教育行政人員獎勵計劃」，頒發優異教育行政人員獎項，頒獎禮已於二零二四年一月二十日舉行。此殊榮不單反映丘校長的個人努力及對教育的熱枕，也代表得到各同工的支持及家長們的信任，本人謹再次代表校董會向丘校長致賀，並願一切榮耀歸於愛我們的天父上帝。
孫志成校監

Dear Parents, Staff, and Students: 

I am delighted to inform you that our Principal, Ms. Yau Yau-mei, has been awarded the Outstanding Educational Administrator Award in the 6th Annual Awards Scheme organized by the Hong Kong Council for Educational Administration(HKCEA). The award ceremony was held on January 20, 2024. This honor not only reflects Principal Yau’s personal efforts and passion for education, but also represents the support of all colleagues and the trust of parents. On behalf of the School Board, I would like to once again congratulate Principal Yau, and may all glory be to our loving Heavenly Father.

School Supervisor Mr. Sun Chi-shing

學習和熏陶藝術真的這麼重要嗎？
Is learning and cultivating art really that important?

撰文：Pario Arts 李素貞主任

 

筆者從事教育工作多年，接觸到不少家長為孩子選擇一些「速戰速決」、短期內有成果的課程或課外活動，可以說是有點功利主義。相反，他們較為輕視非功利、追求美學的課程或課外活動。一般最能吸引家長關注的是子女能否參與比賽、有沒有檢定評級或成果是否顯著的學科或才藝班。

 

藝術教育對小朋友有長遠影響

筆者深深認為，在功利主義的教育制度下，對孩子未來的人生態度上會存著極深遠的影響。

 

藝術教育是獨特和美麗，而且是富於創造性的。孩子們不僅是學習藝術的理論和技巧，在過程中還會刺激他們的創意和想像力。長遠來說，藝術教育對小朋友的言談舉止，甚至是學習和思想上都有很大的幫助。

Written by: Pario Arts, Officer Lee Sou Jing

 

I have been engaged in education for many years and have encountered many parents who choose “quick and decisive” courses or extracurricular activities for their children, aiming for short-term results. It can be said that this approach is somewhat utilitarian. Conversely, they tend to underestimate courses or extracurricular activities that are non-utilitarian and focus on aesthetics. What typically captures parental attention is whether their children can participate in competitions, whether there are certifications or notable achievements in academic subjects or talents.

 

Long-term Impact of Art Education on Children

I firmly believe that under a utilitarian education system, there will be profound and lasting effects on children’s attitudes toward life.

 

Art education is unique, beautiful, and rich in creativity. Children not only learn the theory and techniques of art but also stimulate their creativity and imagination in the process. In the long run, art education has significant benefits for children’s speech, behavior, and even their learning and thinking.

從生活裡接觸藝術

我們每天在日常生活中都會接觸到藝術。我們在生活中可以找到很多美麗的東西，如豐富的情感、不同的品味、獨有的感覺和視覺上的享受，凡此種種都能讓您在繁忙的生活中有著舒泰的心境，亦能感受到這個世界的繽紛和樂趣，更能發掘出恬靜美的可貴。

 

父母需要以身作則 重視子女的想法

事實上，不論是智能教育或是重視培養美學的藝術教育，筆者認為最重要的是家長可以給予孩子陪伴和支持。如果您想養成孩子具有藝術涵養，就應該明白藝術教育要由自己做起，尤其是要懂得聆聽、接納和理解孩子的想法，包容孩子表達創意的方式，子女在幼兒階段就會很容易地養成美學氣質。

Encountering Art in Daily Life

We come into contact with art in our daily lives every day. In our lives, we can find many beautiful things, such as rich emotions, different tastes, unique sensations, and visual pleasures. All of these can provide a serene state of mind in our busy lives, allowing us to feel the vibrancy and joy of the world and discover the precious beauty of tranquility.


Parents Need to Set a Good Example and Value Children’s Thoughts

In fact, whether it’s intelligent education or art education that emphasizes cultivating aesthetics, I believe that the most important thing is for parents to provide companionship and support. If you want to cultivate your child’s artistic appreciation, you should understand that art education starts with yourself. It is crucial to listen, accept, and understand your child’s thoughts, and embrace how they express creativity, and in doing so, your children will easily develop an aesthetic temperament from an early age.

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孩子長大與父母談心感尷尬 可以怎樣做？
How to handle the awkwardness when grown-up children find it awkward
to have heart-to-heart talks with their parents?

隨著子女長大，相信不少家長都發現子女愈來愈抗拒與父母談心，孩子可能是覺得尷尬，也可能是自小家庭關係不太緊密。精神科專科黃宗顯醫生指出：「自小與子女建立良好親子關係十分重要，但若家長懷疑子女出現情緒問題，除了留意子女行為有否變化外，亦可引導子女表達自己的想法，了解他們的內心世界。」

 

如前文提及，家長與孩子應自小建立親子關係，每天放下工作，給予雙方親子交流的時間，一起進行有趣的親子活動。黃醫生指：「緊密的親子關係有助孩子向家長表達內心，即使隨著年紀長大，他們亦會較願意表達自己，並對家人有所信任。」

 

惟若孩子不願透露自己想法，家長又察覺孩子的行為變化時（可參考：https://www.parentsdaily.com.hk/expert/4073），黃醫生建議家長應耐心引導孩子表達內心，「當孩子表達自己的想法時，家長應耐心聆聽，給予孩子表達的機會。與子女建立每天親子聊天時間，讓子女有渠道在家表達自己。家長要謹記一旦子女提及相關情緒問題的症狀時，家長不應作出批判，也不要處處否定子女。」

As children grow up, many parents may find that their children become increasingly resistant to having heart-to-heart talks. The children may feel awkward, or perhaps the family relationships have not been very close since childhood. Dr. Wong Chung Hin, a specialist in psychiatry, points out, “It is crucial for parents to establish a good parent-child relationship from an early age. If parents suspect emotional issues in their children, in addition to observing changes in their behavior, they can guide their children to express their thoughts and understand their inner world.”

 

As mentioned earlier, parents and children should establish a parent-child relationship from a young age, setting aside time each day for parent-child communication and engaging in interesting family activities together. Dr. Wong emphasizes, “A close parent-child relationship helps children express themselves to their parents. Even as they grow older, they will be more willing to express themselves and have trust in their family.”

 

However, if a child is unwilling to reveal their thoughts and parents notice changes in their behavior (refer to: https://www.parentsdaily.com.hk/expert/4073), Dr. Wong advises parents to patiently guide their children to express their inner feelings. “When children express their thoughts, parents should listen patiently and provide them with the opportunity to express themselves. Establish a daily parent-child chatting time, allowing children to have a channel to express themselves at home. Parents should remember that once children mention symptoms related to emotional issues, parents should not criticize or constantly deny their children.”

黃醫生續指：「每個人都會有自己想法和立場，家長亦然。曾經有家長告訴我，他的小朋友不願上學和做功課，每天要他上學，他的情緒便會失控。但當小朋友留在家打機又會很開心，令家長覺得小朋友只是懶惰和『扮嘢』。但家長應細心了解小朋友不願上學背後的原因，不應排除小朋友任何情緒問題，以免錯過處理情緒問題的重要時刻。」但若家長引導過後，孩子仍然對自己的狀況絕口不提，家長可與學校聯絡，了解孩子在校的情況等。

 

黃醫生憶述其中一個中學生個案：「這位學生有天突然自己致電診所，詢問看醫生是否一定要家長陪同。後來，這位學生與朋友一同來就診，才發現原來這位學生與家人關係不好，朋友聽他分享後，便建議他尋求專業意見。在治療的過程中，我與他慢慢建立良好醫患關係，得到他的信任，並希望能重建他與家人的關係。」黃醫生慨嘆並不是每個個案都能得到家人支持，因此學校角色都非常重要，年青人一旦遇到情緒或壓力問題，若無法找家人傾訴，可以尋求信任的成人協助。

 

面對近日不斷的輕生悲劇，黃醫生寄語家長要明白要孩子全人發展，不單單只有學業成績，更包含精神健康等。黃醫生深明孩子的壓力大多來自學習及家人期望，「不論學生或家長，希望大家都能在壓力環境下好好裝備自己，所謂的裝備並非補習，而是好好照顧自己的精神健康，在生活中取得平衡。家長及學校亦應教導學生了解精神健康的重要，促進學生身心健康的成長。」

Dr. Wong continues, “Everyone has their own thoughts and perspectives, and parents are no exception. I once had a parent tell me that their child refused to go to school and do homework, and their emotions would spiral out of control every time they were urged to go to school. However, when the child stayed home to play video games, they seemed very happy, leading the parent to think the child was just lazy and ‘pretending.’ However, parents should carefully understand the reasons behind the child’s reluctance to go to school and not dismiss any emotional issues the child may have, to avoid missing crucial moments for addressing emotional problems.” If, after parental guidance, the child still refuses to discuss their situation, parents can contact the school to learn about the child’s situation at school.


Dr. Wong recalls a case involving a high school student: “This student suddenly called the clinic one day and asked if it was necessary for parents to accompany him. Later, the student came for a consultation with friends, revealing that he had a poor relationship with his family. After sharing with friends, they suggested seeking professional advice. During the treatment process, I slowly built a good doctor-patient relationship with him, gained his trust, and hoped to help rebuild his relationship with his family.” Dr. Wong laments that not every case receives family support, so the role of schools is crucial. When young people encounter emotional or stress-related issues and cannot confide in their families, they can seek assistance from trusted adults.


In light of the recent increase in suicide tragedies, Dr. Wong advises parents to understand that a child’s holistic development involves more than just academic achievements; it also includes mental health. Dr. Wong understands that a child’s stress often comes from academic and family expectations. “Whether students or parents, I hope everyone can equip themselves well in stressful environments. Equipping oneself does not necessarily mean extra tutoring but taking good care of one’s mental health and achieving balance in life. Parents and schools should also teach students about the importance of mental health and promote the holistic growth of students’ physical and mental well-being.”

聽力障礙對整體語言發展的影響
The impact of hearing impairment on overall language development

撰文：香港言語及吞嚥治療中心 言語治療師 李詠茵

 

筆者曾在工作上遇到一位 5 歲的小朋友。他跟其他同齡的孩子一樣，外表乖巧，而且十分有禮貌。但他有著與其他同齡孩子不同的特徵－ 他的左耳配上了一個助聽器。他，也是一個患有聽力障礙的孩子。

 

顧名思義，聽力障礙的定義為「因聽力受損而成的障礙，包括弱聽至完全失聰」。那聽力障礙是否只影響孩子的聽覺呢？

 

理解四周聲音　建立概念

試想想，幼兒在學會說出有意思的字詞前，會先有甚麼能力呢？那是說「BB話」吧。那麼幼兒在學會說「BB話」前，其中重要的一步又是甚麼呢？是學會理解四周環境的聲音，以及透過與聲音（包括父母有意思的說話、兒歌等）的互動而建立概念，明白不同語音代表著不同的人、事和物，從而逐步理解字詞，建立語言。因此，由於有聽力障礙的幼兒在「聽」方面接受的感官刺激比正常聽力的幼兒較少和弱，因此也有機會導致語言發展遲緩。

 

減少聆聽經驗　難以跟從指令

聽力障礙的兒童未能從「聽」的感官方面完全接收外界訊息，減少了聆聽經驗和語言接觸的機會，因而往往出現不專心的情況，難以跟從指令，以及在理解較複雜的句式時會出現困難，影響學習。由於語言學習的發生是透過留意和接收外界的輸入，再經過重覆接收類同的訊息與特定概念的連繫、模仿和運用。因此，不少聽力障礙的孩子長大後，在語法運用、句式表達和詞語認識會比其他孩子較弱，更有研究指出兩者在詞語認識上的差距，會隨著年紀而愈來愈大。

Written by: Lee Wing Yan, Speech Therapist at the Hong Kong Speech and Swallowing Therapy Centre

 

In my work, I once encountered a 5-year-old child. Like other children of his age, he appeared well-behaved and polite. However, he had a distinctive feature that set him apart from his peers – he had a hearing aid in his left ear. He was a child with a hearing impairment.

 

As the name suggests, hearing impairment is defined as a “disability caused by impaired hearing, ranging from mild to complete deafness.” Does hearing impairment only affect a child’s auditory perception?

 

Understanding Surrounding Sounds to Build Concepts

Consider this: before toddlers learn to articulate meaningful words, what ability do they possess? They engage in what we commonly refer to as “baby talk.” Now, what crucial step do toddlers take before mastering “baby talk”? It’s the ability to understand the sounds in their environment and establish concepts through interaction with sounds, including meaningful conversations with parents, nursery rhymes, etc. They learn to comprehend that different sounds represent different people, things, and objects, gradually understanding words and building language. Therefore, due to reduced and weaker sensory stimulation in the aspect of “hearing,” children with hearing impairment may experience delayed language development.

 

Reduced Listening Experience and Difficulty Following Instructions

Children with hearing impairment cannot fully receive external information through the sensory aspect of “hearing,” reducing opportunities for listening experiences and language exposure. As a result, they often exhibit inattentiveness, difficulty following instructions, and challenges in understanding more complex sentence structures, affecting their learning. Language learning occurs through paying attention and receiving external input, followed by repeated exposure to similar information, connecting specific concepts, imitation, and application. Consequently, many children with hearing impairment may exhibit weaknesses in grammar usage, sentence expression, and vocabulary recognition compared to other children. Research even suggests that the gap in vocabulary recognition between the two groups tends to widen with age.

影響語音發展　難察覺聲調間的分別

而聽力障礙對幼童語言發展的另一更明顯的影響，則是其語音發展。一般聽力障礙的兒童往往對於較高頻率（frequency）和低強度（intensity）語音的敏感度低，因此未會留意到這些語音，就如粵語包含 /f/、/s/、/ts/、/tsh/ 音的字（例如：「飛」、「三」、「吱」、「車」），並以其他語音代替，如將「飛」讀成「悲」、「三」讀成「擔」、「吱」讀成「啲」、「車」讀成「爹」等。由於此類的錯音源自孩子的聽力障礙，而因此對某些字音的敏感度低，所以孩子未必能自行察覺到自己發音上的錯誤，或自己的發音與他人的分別。

Impact on Speech Development: Difficulty Perceiving Differences in Tone

Another more noticeable effect of hearing impairment on the language development of young children is its impact on speech development. Children with hearing impairment often have lower sensitivity to higher-frequency and lower-intensity speech sounds. Consequently, they may not pay attention to these sounds, such as the Cantonese sounds /f/, /s/, /ts/, and /tsh/ found in words like “fei”（飛）, “saam”（三）, “zi”（吱）, and “che”（車）. Instead, they may substitute other sounds, such as pronouncing “fei” as “bei,” “saam” as “daam,” “zi” as “di,” and “che” as “dei.” Since these pronunciation errors stem from the child’s hearing impairment and their lower sensitivity to certain phonemes, the child may not necessarily be aware of the pronunciation mistakes they make or the differences between their pronunciation and that of others.

另一方面，粵語是一種「聲調語言」(tonal language)，一般來說有九個聲調。聲調之間的差異很細微，因此正如咬字發音一樣，聽力障礙的孩子也可能因為對各聲調的敏感度較低，而未有察覺它們之間的分別，旁人聽起來，可能會覺得孩子的說話如外國人說話或唱歌一般。

 

及早介入　接受治療

當然，並不是每一個有聽力障礙的孩子也會面對語言發展遲緩或咬字發音的問題，筆者也曾經接觸不少語言能力十分優秀的聽障小朋友和成年人。正如其他健康問題一樣，「及早介入」才是處理問題的關鍵。因此，假若懷疑孩子有任何聽力問題，便應盡早接受耳鼻喉科醫生和聽力學家的評估，以決定是否需要配置助聽器或接受其他治療。假若孩子真的患有聽力問題，單靠配戴助聽器也未必可以完全解決或避免與聽力障礙有關的語言發展問題。因此，也應盡早接受適合的言語治療，使孩子的語言發展能及早趕上同齡孩子。

On the other hand, Cantonese is a “tonal language” with generally nine tones. The differences between tones are subtle, similar to nuances in pronunciation. Children with hearing impairment may also fail to perceive the distinctions between tones due to their lower sensitivity, much like in articulating individual sounds. To others, the child’s speech might sound akin to a foreigner speaking or singing.


Early Intervention and Therapy

Of course, not every child with hearing impairment will experience delays in language development or pronunciation issues. I have encountered many hearing-impaired children and adults with excellent language abilities. Like any health issue, “early intervention” is the key to addressing problems. Therefore, if there is suspicion of any hearing issues in a child, an early assessment by an otolaryngologist and audiologist is crucial to determine whether hearing aids or other treatments are needed. If a child indeed has hearing problems, relying solely on hearing aids may not completely resolve or prevent language development issues associated with hearing impairment. Therefore, early and appropriate speech therapy should also be sought to ensure the child’s language development catches up with their peers as soon as possible.

為甚麼孩子做出挑戰家長的行為？
Why do children engage in challenging behaviors that challenge parents?

撰文：嬰幼兒心理發展協會 心理諮詢師 程衛強先生

 

「孩子故意做出挑戰你底線的行為嗎？」

「孩子的行為跟你的意願完全相反嗎？」

「孩子怎樣罰都不怕，還好像愈罰愈『曳』！」

 

這些都是你的寫照嗎？很多時候，父母們都會為孩子的行為而操心不已，但其實孩子行為的背後，可能有著不同的情緒，例如孩子可能因為爭寵而故意作出反叛行為，又或因為想得到父母的關注，而作出不當行為，如果這樣的話，可能會「愈罰愈不聽話」！

 

美國著名的情緒心理學家Plutchik指出，我們有 8種基本情緒 (Plutchik, 1993)，包括接納、預期、厭惡、憤怒、悲傷、恐懼、快樂及驚訝，這些情緒會按「情緒鏈 (Emotion Chain)」表現出來，包括：（一）刺激、（二）想法、（三）情緒、（四）行為和（五）效果。

 

舉例說，哥哥見到媽媽在照顧年幼的妹妹（刺激），不禁想到媽媽可能只愛妹妹而不再理會自己了（想法），因此出現悲傷和憤怒等情緒（情緒），於是便故意搗蛋（行為），結果媽媽放下妹妹在嬰兒床，然後「處理」哥哥（效果）。在哥哥的眼中，媽媽總算放下了妹妹，因此，該行為達到效果。

Written by: Child Psychological Development Association,

                     Psychological Counselor, Mr. Ching Wai Keung

 

“Is your child deliberately engaging in behavior that challenges your limits?”

“Does your child’s behavior completely contradict your wishes?”

“No matter how you punish your child, it seems like they become more defiant!”

 

Do these scenarios sound familiar to you? Many times, parents worry incessantly about their child’s behavior. However, behind the child’s behavior, there may be different emotions. For example, a child might intentionally exhibit rebellious behavior due to a desire for attention or rivalry for affection. In such cases, punishing the child may result in them becoming even more disobedient.

 

Renowned American emotion psychologist Plutchik pointed out that we have eight basic emotions (Plutchik, 1993), including acceptance, anticipation, disgust, anger, sadness, fear, joy, and surprise. These emotions manifest in an “Emotion Chain,” which includes stimuli, thoughts, emotions, behavior, and outcomes.

 

For instance, when an older brother sees his mom taking care of his younger sister (stimulus), he may think that his mom now only loves his sister and ignores him (thoughts). This could lead to emotions like sadness and anger (emotions). As a result, he may intentionally misbehave (behavior). The outcome is that the mom puts down the sister in the crib and then deals with the older brother (outcome). In the older brother’s eyes, his mom finally put down his sister, achieving the desired outcome through his behavior.

年幼的孩子未必能透過語言表達自己的想法，所以父母要了解其背後的原因，可能有點困難。其實，我們可以透過安撫孩子的情緒，並留意有關行為發生的模式，便可以改善其行為。

 

舉例說，哥哥每逢看到媽媽照顧妹妹就會出現不當行為，這可以推測得到哥哥是希望得到媽媽的愛。因此，媽媽可以平衡一下與哥哥及妹妹的獨處時間，讓哥哥感受到媽媽也是愛他的，也可以邀請他一起去照顧妹妹。如果被忽略時就會有不當行為，這可能是引起父母關注的一個技倆，父母可以在不當行為未出現時就給予關注，但當不當行為出現時，就以故意忽略的技巧回應，以讓孩子明白，不當行為並不能引起關注。

 

只要知道孩子的行為原因，對改善不當行為有莫大的幫助。想知道更多有關資訊，可與我們聯絡。

Young children may not necessarily express their thoughts through language, making it challenging for parents to understand the reasons behind their behavior. However, by soothing the child’s emotions and paying attention to patterns in their behavior, we can improve their conduct.


For example, if an older brother consistently exhibits inappropriate behavior whenever he sees his mom taking care of his younger sister, it can be inferred that he is seeking his mother’s love. In response, the mom can balance one-on-one time with both the older brother and younger sister, allowing him to feel that his mother loves him too. She can also invite him to participate in caring for the younger sister. If inappropriate behavior arises when attention is lacking, it may be a skill to attract parental attention. In such cases, parents can offer attention before inappropriate behavior occurs and deliberately ignore the behavior when it does, helping the child understand that misbehavior does not garner attention.


Understanding the reasons behind a child’s behavior is immensely helpful in improving inappropriate conduct. If you’d like to know more, feel free to contact us.

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